The use of streambed temperature profiles to delineate the depth of groundwater-stream water mixing in Haean basin, Korea

Temporal variations in a streambed temperature profile between 0.01 and 0.60 m were analyzed to delineate the stream water and groundwater mixing depth. Seepage velocity at several deths were estimated using data from installed seepage meters and mini-piezometers. The depth range of stream water and groundwater interaction was evaluated based on the temperature and seepage velcity data. Computed temperature distribution based on heat transport equation was compared with the observed temperatures. Results indicate that the magnitude and direction of advection are pivotal factor delineating mixing depth. The streambed temperature patterns at the top of the mixing area suggested downwelling stream water was dominant and it reflected diurnal air temperature. Also, the patterns at the bottom of mixing area represented upwelling groundwater. These results suggest that well documented streambed temperature profiles could be usefully for delineating the stream water and groundwater mixing depth.