Scattering matrix approach to the description of quantum electron transport

We consider the scattering matrix approach to quantum electron transport in meso- and nanoconductors. This approach is an alternative to the more conventional kinetic equation and Green's function approaches, and is often more efficient for coherent conductors (especially when proving general relations) and typically more transparent. We provide a description of both time-averaged quantities (for example, current-voltage characteristics) and current fluctuations in time — noise, as well as full counting statistics of charge transport in a finite time. In addition to normal conductors, we consider contacts with superconductors and Josephson junstions.