The keV-TeV connection in gamma-ray binaries

Gamma-ray binaries are systems that comprise a young, massive star and a compact object that can be either a young pulsar or a black hole. They emit radiation from radio up to tens of TeV and show flux variability along the whole electromagnetic spectrum. For three of the four detected gamma-ray binaries, the nature of the compact object is unknown. In this thesis we present a study of gamma-ray binaries through three approaches that involve the simultaneous study of these sources in X-rays and very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays. We present the discovery of correlated X-ray and VHE gamma-ray emission from LS I +61 303. The correlation indicates that the emission from these two bands could be originated in the same parent particle population, and we explore this idea through the calculation of a radiative model. This model allows us to significantly constrain the physical properties of the non-thermal emitter in LS I +61 303. For those systems where the compact object is a young pulsar, the interaction between the stellar and pulsar winds will give rise to strong shocks. The shocked pulsar wind is the candidate location for non-thermal emission from these systems. The shocked stellar wind should give rise to a thermal X-ray spectrum, but no such features have been detected in the X-ray spectrum of gamma-ray binaries. We present a model of the thermal emission of the shocked stellar wind and use it to constrain the pulsar properties. We have applied this method to two X-ray observations of LS 5039 and have successfully constrained the pulsar spin-down luminosity. Finally, we present a search for VHE emission from Scorpius X-1 through a simultaneous X-ray and VHE gamma-ray campaign. The X-ray observations allowed us to select black-hole states where non-thermal X-ray emission has been detected. We did not find significant VHE emission in any of the black hole states, but the upper limits derived will prove useful in future modelling of the non-thermal emitter in the source.