McVittie's legacy: Black holes in an expanding universe
Abstract
We prove that a class of solutions to Einstein’s equations—originally discovered by McVittie in 1933—includes regular black holes embedded in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies. If the cosmology is dominated at late times by a positive cosmological constant, the metric is regular everywhere on and outside the black hole horizon and away from the big-bang singularity, and the solutions asymptote in the future and near the horizon to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry. For solutions without a positive cosmological constant the would-be horizon is a weak null singularity.
- Publication:
-
Physical Review D
- Pub Date:
- May 2010
- DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.104044
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1003.4777
- Bibcode:
- 2010PhRvD..81j4044K
- Keywords:
-
- 04.70.Bw;
- 04.40.Nr;
- 04.20.Jb;
- Classical black holes;
- Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes spacetimes with fluids radiation or classical fields;
- Exact solutions;
- High Energy Physics - Theory;
- Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics;
- General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology;
- High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
- E-Print:
- 23 pages, plain LaTeX, 2 .pdf figures, v3: the finite ingoing time proof improved and generalized, conclusions unchanged