On the Particle Acceleration at Parallel Shocks

We perform large-scale, multiple dimensional hybrid (kinetic ions, fluid electron) simulations to study the acceleration of particles from thermal population at parallel shocks (θ_{bn}=0). We focus on the injection mechanism and wave-particle interaction during the acceleration process. In particular, we integrate the motion of particles in a full three-dimensional self-consistent simulation, which is required to determine the injection mechanism.