Avoiding Squares and Overlaps Over the Natural Numbers
Abstract
We consider avoiding squares and overlaps over the natural numbers, using a greedy algorithm that chooses the least possible integer at each step; the word generated is lexicographically least among all such infinite words. In the case of avoiding squares, the word is 01020103..., the familiar ruler function, and is generated by iterating a uniform morphism. The case of overlaps is more challenging. We give an explicitly-defined morphism phi : N* -> N* that generates the lexicographically least infinite overlap-free word by iteration. Furthermore, we show that for all h,k in N with h <= k, the word phi^{k-h}(h) is the lexicographically least overlap-free word starting with the letter h and ending with the letter k, and give some of its symmetry properties.
- Publication:
-
arXiv e-prints
- Pub Date:
- January 2009
- arXiv:
- arXiv:0901.1397
- Bibcode:
- 2009arXiv0901.1397G
- Keywords:
-
- Mathematics - Combinatorics;
- Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory;
- 68R15
- E-Print:
- 16 pages, 2 tables