Phase Diagram of the Low-Density Two-Dimensional Homogeneous Electron Gas

We use quantum Monte Carlo methods to calculate the zero-temperature phase diagram of the two-dimensional homogeneous electron gas. We find a transition from a paramagnetic fluid to an antiferromagnetic triangular Wigner crystal at density parameter r_s=31(1)a.u. and a transition to a ferromagnetic crystal at r_s=38(5)a.u. The fully spin-polarized fluid is never stable. We search for, but do not find, the ferromagnetic “hybrid” phase proposed by H. Falakshahi and X. Waintal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 046801 (2005)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.94.046801].