From the Cover: A hyperfused mitochondrial state achieved at G1-S regulates cyclin E buildup and entry into S phase
Abstract
Mitochondria undergo fission-fusion events that render these organelles highly dynamic in cells. We report a relationship between mitochondrial form and cell cycle control at the G1-S boundary. Mitochondria convert from isolated, fragmented elements into a hyperfused, giant network at G1-S transition. The network is electrically continuous and has greater ATP output than mitochondria at any other cell cycle stage. Depolarizing mitochondria at early G1 to prevent these changes causes cell cycle progression into S phase to be blocked. Inducing mitochondrial hyperfusion by acute inhibition of dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP1) causes quiescent cells maintained without growth factors to begin replicating their DNA and coincides with buildup of cyclin E, the cyclin responsible for G1-to-S phase progression. Prolonged or untimely formation of hyperfused mitochondria, through chronic inhibition of DRP1, causes defects in mitotic chromosome alignment and S-phase entry characteristic of cyclin E overexpression. These findings suggest a hyperfused mitochondrial system with specialized properties at G1-S is linked to cyclin E buildup for regulation of G1-to-S progression.
- Publication:
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Science
- Pub Date:
- July 2009
- DOI:
- 10.1073/pnas.0904875106
- Bibcode:
- 2009PNAS..10611960M