The teleost pseudobranch: a role for preconditioning of ocular blood supply?

The physiological relevance of the teleost pseudobranch as a remnant of a reduced gill arch is still unclear. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed regarding its physiological role, but direct confirmatory evidence is lacking. The close relationship by serial blood flow arrangement with the fish eye's choroid rete has sparked the idea that pseudobranchial preconditioning of blood pH may facilitate initiation of the Root effect and thus support the establishment of high oxygen tensions for retinal diffusive supply. This idea was critically tested by studies on isolated pseudobranchs in situ (Oncorhynchus mykiss), perfused with RBC/Ringer or RBC/plasma suspensions of widely varied composition (pH 7.4–8.2). Detailed analysis of inflowing as compared to effluent perfusates indicated normal aerobic metabolism expressed by a rise in Pco₂ (+0.39 ± 0.13 mmHg \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \overline{{\text{x}}} {\text{ $ \pm $ SD}} $$\end{document}), an oxygen utilization of 25% and a high oxygen consumption of ∼400 nmol g^‑1 min^‑1. Upon passage of the pseudobranch, pH (corrected for Haldane effect) was only slightly acidified (‑0.03 to ‑0.10), [HCO₃^‑] and [lactate] were slightly enhanced (+0.51 mmol l^‑1 or 0.13 mmol l^‑1, respectively). In order to test for yet unknown plasma components involved in pseudobranch function, a second series of experiments was conducted using RBC-suspensions in fresh plasma instead of Ringer, with results closely resembling those of the RBC/Ringer series. Lacking any physiologically significant correlation with the level of perfusate pH, the obtained data indicate pseudobranchial basic metabolic activity rather than pH regulatory characteristics. Also the observed absolute changes in pH are negligible in terms of pH regulation towards the Root-threshold. Accordingly, the present experiments as well as plausibility evaluation of mechanisms do not support the idea of blood pH pre-adjustment prior to entry into the choroid rete structure of the teleost eye to facilitate the Root-mediated oxygen release.