The Massive Star-Forming Region Cygnus OB2. I. Chandra Catalog of Association Members

We present a catalog of 1696 X-ray sources detected in the massive star-forming region (SFR) Cygnus OB2 and extracted from two archival Chandra observations of the center of the region. A deep source extraction routine, exploiting the low background rates of Chandra observations, was employed to maximize the number of sources extracted. Observations at other wavelengths were used to identify low count-rate sources and remove likely spurious sources. Monte Carlo simulations were also used to assess the authenticity of these sources. X-ray spectra were fitted with thermal plasma models to characterize the objects and X-ray light curves were analyzed to determine their variability. We used a Bayesian technique to identify optical or near-IR counterparts for 1501 (89%) of our sources, using deep observations from the INT Photometric Hα survey, the Two Micron All Sky Survey, and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey-Galactic Plane Survey. Seven hundred and fifty seven (45%) of these objects have six-band r', Hα, i', J, H, and K_s optical and near-IR photometry. From an analysis of the Poisson false-source probabilities for each source we estimate that our X-ray catalog includes <1% of false sources, and an even lower fraction when only sources with optical or near-IR associations are considered. A Monte Carlo simulation of the Bayesian matching scheme allows this method to be compared to more simplified matching techniques and enables the various sources of error to be quantified. The catalog of 1696 objects presented here includes X-ray broadband fluxes, model fits, and optical and near-IR photometry in what is one of the largest X-ray catalog of a single SFR to date. The high number of stellar X-ray sources detected from relatively shallow observations confirms the status and importance of Cygnus OB2 as one of our Galaxy's most massive SFRs.