Exact topological quantum order in D=3 and beyond: Branyons and brane-net condensates
Abstract
We construct an exactly solvable Hamiltonian acting on a three-dimensional lattice of spin- (1)/(2) systems that exhibits topological quantum order. The ground state is a string net and a membrane-net condensate. Excitations appear in the form of quasiparticles and fluxes, as the boundaries of strings and membranes, respectively. The degeneracy of the ground state depends on the homology of the 3-manifold. We generalize the system to D⩾4 , where different topological phases may occur. The whole construction is based on certain special complexes that we call colexes.
- Publication:
-
Physical Review B
- Pub Date:
- February 2007
- DOI:
- 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075103
- arXiv:
- arXiv:cond-mat/0607736
- Bibcode:
- 2007PhRvB..75g5103B
- Keywords:
-
- 11.15.-q;
- 71.10.-w;
- Gauge field theories;
- Theories and models of many-electron systems;
- Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons;
- High Energy Physics - Lattice;
- High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;
- High Energy Physics - Theory;
- Quantum Physics
- E-Print:
- Revtex4 file, color figures, minor corrections