Substorm injection region propagation and plasma sheet flow outside geosynchronous orbit

The propagation of the dispersionless injection region has previously been studied using radial alignments of the Combined Radiation and Release Effects Satellite (CRRES) and Los Alamos National Laboratories geosynchronous satellites (see Reeves et al 1996). Using Polar CEPPAD and LANL geosynchronous particle data, we build on this study and investigate the radial propagation outside L=6.6. These combined results are compared with the ground-based expansion of the injection region observed with riometers and in situ plasma flow measured with Geotail.