Thermospheric Response to Energy and Momentum Inputs from the Magnetosphere

In this talk we review MI coupling via momentum and energy inputs, and the thermospheric response to these inputs. Our focus will be mainly at high latitudes. Using a global 3-D ionosphere-thermosphere model, we will review the various forcing terms and the balance of forces that leads to the thermospheric wind, temperature, density and compositional responses for various levels of geomagnetic activity. We will also review the energy balance at high latitudes. There is still much we do not understand regarding MI coupling, momentum and energy inputs and how they relate to the thermospheric response. We will discuss some of the outstanding research problems in this area and touch on some exciting opportunities for further research.