Resonance in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-δ

In conventional superconductors, the interaction that pairs the electrons to form the superconducting state is mediated by lattice vibrations (phonons). In high-transition-temperature (high-T_c) copper oxides, it is generally believed that magnetic excitations might play a fundamental role in the superconducting mechanism because superconductivity occurs when mobile `electrons' or `holes' are doped into the antiferromagnetic parent compounds. Indeed, a sharp magnetic excitation termed `resonance' has been observed by neutron scattering in a number of hole-doped materials. The resonance is intimately related to superconductivity, and its interaction with charged quasi-particles observed by photoemission, optical conductivity, and tunnelling suggests that it might play a part similar to that of phonons in conventional superconductors. The relevance of the resonance to high-T_c superconductivity, however, has been in doubt because so far it has been found only in hole-doped materials. Here we report the discovery of the resonance in electron-doped superconducting Pr_0.88LaCe_0.12CuO_4-δ (T_c = 24K). We find that the resonance energy (E_r) is proportional to T_c via E_r ~ 5.8k_BT_c for all high-T_c superconductors irrespective of electron- or hole-doping. Our results demonstrate that the resonance is a fundamental property of the superconducting copper oxides and therefore must be essential in the mechanism of superconductivity.