Laser-driven shock experiments on precompressed water: Implications for ``icy'' giant planets

Laser-driven shock compression of samples precompressed to 1 GPa produces high-pressure-temperature conditions inducing two significant changes in the optical properties of water: the onset of opacity followed by enhanced reflectivity in the initially transparent water. The onset of reflectivity at infrared wavelengths can be interpreted as a semiconductor<-->electronic conductor transition in water, and is found at pressures above ~130 GPa for single-shocked samples precompressed to 1 GPa. Our results indicate that conductivity in the deep interior of ``icy'' giant planets is greater than realized previously because of an additional contribution from electrons.