Density-dependent effects on physical condition and reproduction in North American elk: an experimental test Stewart, Kelley M. ; Bowyer, R. Terry. ; Dick, Brian L. ; Johnson, Bruce K. ; Kie, John G. Abstract Publication: Oecologia Pub Date: March 2005 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1785-y Bibcode: 2005Oecol.143...85S