Spectroscopic Observations and Analysis of the Unusual Type Ia SN 1999ac

We present optical spectra of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 1999ac. The data extend from -15 to +42 days with respect to B-band maximum and reveal an event that is unusual in several respects. Prior to B-band maximum, the spectra resemble those of SN 1999aa, a slowly declining event, but possess stronger Si II and Ca II signatures (more characteristic of a spectroscopically normal SN). Spectra after the B-band maximum appear more normal. The expansion velocities inferred from the iron lines appear to be lower than average, whereas the expansion velocity inferred from calcium H and K are higher than average. The expansion velocities inferred from Si II are among the slowest ever observed, although SN 1999ac is not particularly dim. The analysis of the parameters v₁₀(Si II), R(Si II), v˙, and Δm₁₅ further underlines the unique characteristics of SN 1999ac. We find convincing evidence of C II λ6580 in the day -15 spectrum with ejection velocity v>16,000 km s^-1, but this signature disappears by day -9. This rapid evolution at early times highlights the importance of extremely early-time spectroscopy.