Spectroscopic Imaging of Single Atoms Within a Bulk Solid

The ability to localize, identify, and measure the electronic environment of individual atoms will provide fundamental insights into many issues in materials science, physics, and nanotechnology. We demonstrate, using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, the spectroscopic imaging of single La atoms inside CaTiO₃. Dynamical simulations confirm that the spectroscopic information is spatially confined around the scattering atom. Furthermore, we show how the depth of the atom within the crystal may be estimated.