Permanent 3D microstructures in a polymeric host created using holographic optical tweezers

Permanent 3D microstructures are created within a gel using holographic optical tweezers. The micron-sized particles are arranged in a precise geometry within an appropriate liquid, and become fixed in position upon polymerisation of the surrounding media. The flexibility of the holographic approach enables any structural arrangement to be produced, dependent upon application. We demonstrate the technique by creating structures within a biocompatible host, enabling future applications in biotechnology.