Phase Variation in the Pulse Profile of SMC X-1

We present the results of the timing and spectral analysis of X-ray high-state observations of the high-mass X-ray pulsar SMC X-1 with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and ROSAT, taken between 1991 and 2001. The source has L_X~(3-5)×10³⁸ ergs s^-1, and the spectra can be modeled as a power law plus blackbody with kT_BB~0.18 and a reprocessed emission radius R_BB~2×10⁸ cm, assuming a distance of 60 kpc to the source. Energy-resolved pulse profiles show several distinct forms, more than half of which include a second pulse in the soft profile, previously documented only in hard energies. We also detect significant variation in the phase shift between hard and soft pulses, as has recently been reported in Her X-1. We suggest an explanation for the observed characteristics of the soft pulses in terms of precession of the accretion disk.