Understanding High TC Superconductivity

I briefly review several key issues in understanding the cuprate superconductors from the point of view of doped-Mott-insulator. Then I present an effective lowenergy theory and show that the phase diagram of such a model includes an antiferromagnetic (AF) phase, a superconducting state, and a pseudogap phase at low doping and low temperature, consistent with the experimental one. The dual topological gauge structure of this model is responsible for unifying these phases within a single framework with correct doping and temperature scales. Some unique predictions in such a model are also discussed.