Millennium-Scale Sunspot Number Reconstruction: Evidence for an Unusually Active Sun since the 1940s

The extension of the sunspot number series backward in time is of considerable interest for dynamo theory, solar, stellar, and climate research. We have used records of the ¹⁰Be concentration in polar ice to reconstruct the average sunspot activity level for the period between the year 850 to the present. Our method uses physical models for processes connecting the ¹⁰Be concentration with the sunspot number. The reconstruction shows reliably that the period of high solar activity during the last 60years is unique throughout the past 1150years. This nearly triples the time interval for which such a statement could be made previously.