Cosmological Parameters from Cosmic Background Imager Observations and Comparisons with BOOMERANG, DASI, and MAXIMA

We report on the cosmological parameters derived from observations with the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI), covering 40 deg² and the multipole range 300<~l<~3500. The angular scales probed by the CBI correspond to structures that cover the mass range from 10¹⁴ to 10¹⁷ M_solar, and the observations reveal, for the first time, the seeds that gave rise to clusters of galaxies. These unique, high-resolution observations also show damping in the power spectrum to l~2000, which we interpret as being due to the finite width of the photon-baryon decoupling region and the viscosity operating at decoupling. Because the observations extend to much higher l, the CBI results provide information complementary to that probed by the BOOMERANG, DASI, MAXIMA, and VSA experiments. When the CBI observations are used in combination with those from COBE-DMR, we find evidence for a flat universe, Ω_tot=1.00^+0.11_-0.12 (1 σ), a power-law index of primordial fluctuations, n_s=1.08^+0.11_-0.10, and densities in cold dark matter, Ω_cdmh²=0.16^+0.08_-0.07, and baryons, Ω_bh²=0.023^+0.016_-0.010. With the addition of large-scale structure priors the Ω_cdmh² value is sharpened to 0.10^+0.04_-0.03, and we find Ω_Λ=0.67^+0.10_-0.13. In the l<1000 overlap region with the BOOMERANG, DASI, MAXIMA, and VSA experiments, the agreement between these four experiments is excellent, and we construct optimal power spectra in the CBI bands that demonstrate this agreement. We derive cosmological parameters for the combined cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments and show that these parameter determinations are stable as we progress from the weak priors using only CMB observations and very broad restrictions on cosmic parameters, through the addition of information from large-scale structure surveys, Hubble parameter determinations, and Type Ia supernova results. The combination of these with CMB observations gives a vacuum energy estimate of Ω_Λ=0.70^+0.05_-0.05, a Hubble parameter of h=0.69+/-0.04, and a cosmological age of 13.7+/-0.2 Gyr. As the observations are pushed to higher multipoles, no anomalies relative to standard models appear, and extremely good consistency is found between the cosmological parameters derived for the CBI observations over the range 610<l<2000 and observations at lower l.