Distribution of CO2 and other tracers in convective and non-convective regions during CRYSTAL-FACE.

Measurements of CO2, CO, NO, O3, H2O vapor, and total H2O (vapor + condensed phase) were made in the upper troposphere on board the WB-57F during CRYSTAL-FACE. Air in the outflow of deep convective storms, and in associated cirrus clouds, showed distinctly different composition from surrounding air. On average concentrations of CO2 in clouds at ~12 km were 0.5 ppm lower than surroundings, and ~ 1 ppm lower than in the marine boundary layer, demonstrating the influence of vegetated land surfaces and the importance of mid- late-afternoon forcing of convection over land for the "sea breeze" convective storms over Florida. The magnitude of the anomaly often varied directly with condensed-phase water content. Concentrations of NO showed very large enhancements, but CO was rarely elevated and ozone was reduced, implying a major role for lightning-generated production of odd nitrogen. This preliminary look at CRYSTAL data shows that tracer measurements can provide quantitative measures of transport in convective clouds.