Proof of the Thermodynamical Stability of the E' Center in SiO2

The E' center is a paradigmatic radiation-induced defect in SiO₂ whose peculiar EPR and hyperfine activity has been known for over 40 years. This center has been traditionally identified with a distorted, positively charged oxygen vacancy V⁺_O. However, no direct proof of the stability of this defect has ever been provided, so that its identification is still largely incomplete. Here we prove directly that distorted V⁺_O is metastable and that it satisfies the key requirements for its identification as E', such as thermal and optical response, and activation-deactivation mechanisms.