Statistics of Dark Matter Halos from Gravitational Lensing

We present a new approach to measure the mass function of dark matter halos and to discriminate models with differing values of Ω through weak gravitational lensing. We measure the distribution of peaks from simulated lensing surveys and show that the lensing signal due to dark matter halos can be detected for a wide range of peak heights. Even when the signal-to-noise ratio is well below the limit for detection of individual halos, projected halo statistics can be constrained for halo masses spanning galactic to cluster halos. The use of peak statistics relies on an analytical model of the noise due to the intrinsic ellipticities of source galaxies. The noise model has been shown to accurately describe simulated data for a variety of input ellipticity distributions. We show that the measured peak distribution has distinct signatures of gravitational lensing, and its non-Gaussian shape can be used to distinguish models with different values of Ω. The use of peak statistics is complementary to the measurement of field statistics, such as the ellipticity correlation function, and is possibly not susceptible to the same systematic errors.