Direct simulation of ion-beam-induced stressing and amorphization of silicon

Using molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate the mechanical response of silicon to high-dose ion irradiation. We employ a realistic and efficient model to directly simulate ion-beam-induced amorphization. Structural properties of the amorphized sample are compared with experimental data and results of other simulation studies. We find that the behavior of the irradiated material is related to the rate at which it can relax. Depending upon the ability to deform, we observe either the generation of a high compressive stress and subsequent expansion of the material or the generation of tensile stress and densification. We note that statistical material properties, such as radial distribution functions, are not sufficient to differentiate between different densities of amorphous samples. For any reasonable deformation rate, we observe an expansion of the target upon amorphization in agreement with experimental observations. This is in contrast to simulations of quenching which usually result in denser structures relative to crystalline Si. We conclude that although there is substantial agreement between experimental measurements and most simulation results, the amorphous structures being investigated may have fundamental differences; the difference in density can be attributed to local defects within the amorphous network. Finally we show that annealing simulations of our amorphized samples can lead to a reduction of high-energy local defects without a large-scale rearrangement of the amorphous network. This supports the proposal that defects in amorphous silicon are analogous to those in crystalline silicon.