The <B> GW</B> method
Abstract
Calculations of ground-state and excited-state properties of materials have been one of the major goals of condensed matter physics. Ground-state properties of solids have been extensively investigated for several decades within the standard density functional theory. Excited-state properties, on the other hand, were relatively unexplored in ab initio calculations until a decade ago. The most suitable approach up to now for studying excited-state properties of extended systems is the Green function method. To calculate the Green function one requires the self-energy operator which is non-local and energy dependent. In this article we describe the GW approximation which has turned out to be a fruitful approximation to the self-energy. The Green function theory, numerical methods for carrying out the self-energy calculations, simplified schemes, and applications to various systems are described. Self-consistency issue and new developments beyond the GW approximation are also discussed as well as the success and shortcomings of the GW approximation.
- Publication:
-
Reports on Progress in Physics
- Pub Date:
- March 1998
- DOI:
- 10.1088/0034-4885/61/3/002
- arXiv:
- arXiv:cond-mat/9712013
- Bibcode:
- 1998RPPh...61..237A
- Keywords:
-
- Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
- E-Print:
- 75 pages, latex2e, 21 eps figure, additional material avalable at http://www.mpi-stuttgart.mpg.de/docs/ANDERSEN/gw/