Evolution of neutral gas at high redshift: implications for the epoch of galaxy formation
Abstract
Although observationally rare, damped Lyalpha absorption systems dominate the mass density of neutral gas in the Universe. 11 high-redshift damped Lyalpha systems covering 2.8<=z<=4.4 were discovered in 26 QSOs from the APMz<~4 QSO survey, extending these absorption system surveys to the highest redshifts currently possible. Combining our new data set with previous surveys, we find that the cosmological mass density in neutral gas, Omega_g, does not rise as steeply prior to z~2 as indicated by previous studies. There is evidence in the observed Omega_g for a flattening at z~2 and a possible turnover at z~3. When combined with the decline at z<~3.5 in number density per unit redshift of damped systems with column densities log N_HI>=21 atom cm^-2, these results point to an epoch at z>~3 prior to which the highest column density damped systems are still forming. We find that, over the redshift range 2<z<4, the total mass in neutral gas is marginally comparable to the total visible mass in stars in present-day galaxies. However, if one considers the total mass visible in stellar discs alone, i.e. excluding galactic bulges, the two values are comparable. We are observing a mass of neutral gas that is comparable to the mass of visible disc stars. Lanzetta, Wolfe & Turnshek found that Omega(z~=3.5) was twice Omega(z~=2), implying that a much larger amount of star formation must have taken place between z=3.5 and 2 than is indicated by metallicity studies. This created a `cosmic G-dwarf problem'. The more gradual evolution of Omega_g that we find alleviates this. These results have profound implications for theories of galaxy formation.
- Publication:
-
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Pub Date:
- December 1996
- DOI:
- 10.1093/mnras/283.3.L79
- arXiv:
- arXiv:astro-ph/9608147
- Bibcode:
- 1996MNRAS.283L..79S
- Keywords:
-
- GALAXIES: EVOLUTION;
- GALAXIES: FORMATION;
- QUASARS: ABSORPTION LINES;
- COSMOLOGY: MISCELLANEOUS;
- Astrophysics
- E-Print:
- To appear in MNRAS. Latex file (4 pages of text) plus 3 separate postscript figure files. Requires mn.sty. Postscript version with figures embedded is available at http://www.ociw.edu/~lisa/publications.html