Calculs Numeriques des Interactions Entre les Champs Electromagnetiques et les Tissus Biologiques

The understanding of electromagnetic field effects on health is a very acute problem nowadays. Indeed, the daily landscape is invaded by waves generated by affordable state-of-the-art equipment. It becomes urgent to improve the knowledge in order to ensure the safety of the users and the general public. At high frequencies two areas of concern can be distinguished: cellular telephony and wireless indoor communications. This dissertation is devoted to two aspects of the research in this field i.e. the numerical dosimetry and the biological experimentation. A new formulation for an expanding grid algorithm based upon the FDTD that can be applied, in particular, at high frequencies is presented. The energy deposition and the associated temperature rise in a model of the human eye due to a resonant dipole at frequencies of 840, 915, 1500 and 1800 MHz are then calculated. The duty cycle of each system is then introduced and its impact on temperature elevation is examined. Finally, a methodological approach to standard setting for portable transceivers is proposed. On the experimental aspect, a protocol has been elaborated and an experimentation to study athermal effects of electromagnetic fields at 9.3 GHz has been carried out. In particular, the importance of polarization has been examined.