Crystal structure of the zeta isoform of the 14-3-3 protein

THE 14-3-3 family of proteins have recently been identified as regulatory elements in intracellular signalling pathways¹: 14-3-3 proteins bind to oncogene and proto-oncogene products, including c-Raf-1 (refs 2-5), c-Bcr (ref. 6) and polyomavirus middle-T antigen⁷; overexpression of 14-3-3 activates Raf kinase in yeast^2,3 and induces meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes⁵. Here we report the crystal structure of the major isoform of mammalian 14-3-3 proteins at 2.9 Å resolution. Each subunit of the dimeric protein consists of a bundle of nine antiparallel helices that form a palisade around an amphipathic groove. The groove is large enough to accommodate a tenth helix, and we propose that binding to an amphipathic helix represents a general mechanism for the interaction of 14-3-3 with diverse cellular proteins. The residues in the dimer interface and the putative ligand-binding surface are invariant among vertebrates, yeast and plants, suggesting a conservation of structure and function throughout the 14-3-3 family.