Feedback amplifiers revolutionize voltage detectors

A highly accurate multiple-level voltage detector with demonstrated producibility has been developed. Initially designed to meet a required stability of better than +/-0.02 percent/C, the final circuit achieved the desired goal with a margin of better than one order of magnitude. The circuit exhibits a noteworthy simplicity in that it needs no bias supplies, and requires relatively few parts even though it features three levels of voltage detection. Several novel design features as well as the realm of applications are described. Another objective is to point out, technically and analytically, how the performance of numerous production units shows an excellent consonance with the methods of analysis selected for the circuit under consideration.