Holographic techniques for whole-field thermal and fluid measurements

Such techniques as holographic interferometry (HI), in which the fringes formed by refractive index changes represent lines of constant Mach number in isentropic compressible flows and isotherms in convection, are noninvasive, whole-field, and applicable in real-time. HI is especially suitable for experimental validation of CFD codes with 3D, transient, irregular geometry capabilities. Automated fringe and data processing are required, but they facilitate 3D elaboration on the basis of tomographic reconstruction. Fluid fields may also be treated on a 3D time-dependent basis, using the holographic extension of particle-image velocimetry known as holocinematographic velocimetry.