Superconductivity and the quantization of energy

Attention is presently drawn to the established fact that the innumerable interactions among the trillion or so particles of such macroscopic devices as Josephson junctions, in producing sharply defined energy levels, can be regarded as a dynamical state which is effectively divorced from environmental complexities. This degree of isolation from intrinsic perturbations has only recently been shown to be extraordinary, in light of new measurements with precision improvements of about ten orders of magnitude; these are presently evaluated in view of highly accurate results from QED and atomic spectroscopy investigations, as well as the standards of metrology.