Astronomy and astrophysics
Abstract
An historic review of astronomy and astrophysics is presented. Astronomy is principally the observation of stars and the estimation of their position and moving. Fixed stars are distinguishable from the Sun, the Moon and the planets. Before the seventeenth century, the study of astronomy and astrophysics established maps of the sky for navigation. Huyghens and Kepler improved the calculation of the movement of planets; during the nineteenth century, Herschel and Grauenhoffer improved observation instruments. The 1960's saw the advent of space programs. Later, new areas of research appeared: ultrahigh gamma-ray astronomy, neutrino astrophysics and gravity waves. German scientists have started projects in infrared, optical, ultraviolet and x ray areas. ESA is preparing an x ray observatory program for the year 2000. The Max Planck Institute is working with the Spanish on a telescope in Spain.
- Publication:
-
Unknown
- Pub Date:
- 1989
- Bibcode:
- 1989aaa..book......
- Keywords:
-
- Astrophysics;
- Gamma Ray Astronomy;
- X Ray Astronomy;
- European Space Programs;
- Histories;
- Infrared Spectra;
- Space Exploration;
- Telescopes;
- Astronomy