Modelling fluctuations in the concentration of neutrally buoyant substances in the atmosphere

The probability density function (PDF) of the perceived concentration of a contaminant in the atmosphere is modeled using simple, physical representations of the dispersing contaminant. Sensors are characterized by the time taken to achieve a reading and by a threshold level of concentration below which the sensor does not respond and thus records a concentration of zero. A literature search of theoretical and experimental work concerning concentration fluctuations is conducted, and the merits - or otherwise - of of some common PDF's in common use are discussed.