Penning Ionization Electron Spectoscopy: Its Application to Surface Characterization of Organic Solids
Abstract
In Penning ionization electron spectroscopy, the kinetic energy of electrons ejected by collisions between targets T (gas or solid) and metastable rare gas atoms A* is analyzed. This electron spectroscopy is selectively sensitive to the outermost surface layer of solids, since metastable atoms do not penetrate into inner layers. Furthermore, it provides information on the local electron distribution of individual orbitals exposed outside the outermost surface layer. The application of these unique features of Penning spectroscopy to the surface characterization of organic solids, including Langmuir-Blodgett films, is discussed. Both a Penning spectroscopy technique and the process of Penning ionization of gas-phase molecules are briefly described.
- Publication:
-
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
- Pub Date:
- August 1987
- DOI:
- 10.1143/JJAP.26.1201
- Bibcode:
- 1987JaJAP..26.1201H
- Keywords:
-
- Atomic Collisions;
- Electron Spectroscopy;
- Organic Solids;
- Penning Effect;
- Rare Gases;
- Surface Properties;
- Electron Energy;
- Kinetic Energy;
- Liquid Nitrogen;
- Metastable Atoms;
- Phase Transformations;
- Wave Functions;
- Instrumentation and Photography