Experimental observations of very low latitude man-made whistler-mode signals
Abstract
VLF signals at 23.4 kHz from NPM in Hawaii (lat 21.5 deg N) are commonly received at night in Dunedin, New Zealand, with very low group delays of between about 75 ms and 160 ms and frequency shifts of several tens of milliHertz or more. The ratio of the frequency shift to the rate of change of group delay generally agrees with the ratio which would be expected from signals which have traveled through the equatorial ionosphere. Normal whistler-mode signals with delays of 0.3-0.6 s are quite frequently observed at the same time.
- Publication:
-
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics
- Pub Date:
- April 1987
- DOI:
- 10.1016/0021-9169(87)90027-4
- Bibcode:
- 1987JATP...49..309T
- Keywords:
-
- Atmospheric Effects;
- Doppler Effect;
- Equatorial Atmosphere;
- Group Velocity;
- Very Low Frequencies;
- Whistlers;
- Electromagnetic Radiation;
- New Zealand;
- Night Sky;
- Radio Antennas;
- Wave Propagation