The Rubisco Small Subunit Gene as a Paradigm for Studies on Differential Gene Expression During Plant Development

The ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS) in higher plants is encoded by a small multigene family. Members of the gene family contain 1-3 introns. The rbcS mRNA is differentially distributed in various plant organs. It is most abundant in leaves, less so in stems and other photosynthetic organs, and almost undetectable in roots. In leaves, the rbcS mRNA level is greatly increased by light through transcriptional control of the genes. Ti-mediated gene transfer experiments have demonstrated that the pea rbcS-E9 gene retains light-regulated expression in transformed petunia calluses and in leaves of transgenic petunia and tobacco plants. A 33-base pair sequence around the TATA box region has been shown to be involved in the light-inducibility of the rbcS-E9 gene in transformed calluses. In transgenic petunia plants, the experiments thus far have shown that 352 base pairs of 5' upstream sequence is sufficient for light-inducibility, as well as for leaf-specific expression. Further experiments in progress will help to identify and characterize other cis-acting elements involved in the differential expression of the rbcS genes.