Physics and Astrophysics. A selection of key problems

Present problems in microphysics, macrophysics, and astrophysics are reviewed. Some of the topics discussed include: controlled thermonuclear fusion, high-temperature superconductivity, new substances, metallic exciton liquid in semiconductors, second-order phase transitions, matter in ultrahigh magnetic fields, and superheavy elements. Also addressed are: quarks and gluons, fundamental length, interaction of particles at high and superhigh energies, violation of CP invariance, grand unification theory, and nonlinear phenomena in vacuo and ultrahigh electromagnetic fields. Also considered are: experimental verification of the general theory of relativity, gravitational waves, the cosmological problem, neutron stars and pulsars, black holes, the origin of cosmic rays and cosmic gamma and X-ray radiation, and neutrino astronomy.