Take me to GEO
Abstract
The development and use of upper stages to transport satellites from the LEO of the Space Shuttle to other orbits, and to boost interplanetary probes are discussed. The basic design of upper stages focusing on the type of propulsion system, the number of stages, how the payload will be carried, and the cost factor is examined. The design and function of a spinning solid upper stage and the payload assist module are described. Variations on the basic PAM design are tailored to the needs of specific users and can place from 2750-4400 lb of payload into GTO. The development and utilization of inertial upper stages are explained. The application of the Centaur, a cryogenic upper stage for interplanetary missions, is described. Private development of space transportation vehicles has increased due to the availability of uncommitted missions. Examples of designs being developed by private companies and their estimated costs are provided.
- Publication:
-
Space
- Pub Date:
- September 1985
- Bibcode:
- 1985Space...1...24W
- Keywords:
-
- Geosynchronous Orbits;
- Spacecraft Design;
- Upper Stage Rocket Engines;
- Aeroassist;
- Costs;
- Inertial Upper Stage;
- Orbit Transfer Vehicles;
- Payload Assist Module;
- Reusable Rocket Engines;
- Space Commercialization;
- Launch Vehicles and Space Vehicles