Radar return from vegetation covered terrains

Radar return from vegetation covered terrains is due to three components: (1) the scattering resulting from the top surface of the vegetation canopy (surface scattering); (2) the scattering which occurs within the vegetation layer (volume scattering), and (3) the scattering which takes place at the surface below the vegetation canopy (ground scattering). Through the studies of selected areas a case is presented where most of the radar return observed in radar imageries results from the scattering at the surface below the vegetation layer (ground scattering).