The determination of representative ionospheric conductivity parameters for ELF propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide

In this article, we use experimentally determined values of the ELF effective attenuation rate and excitation factor, along with a modified theory of Greifinger and Greifinger, to establish representative ionospheric conductivity parameters for each propagation path over which ELF measurements were made from 1966 to 1982. Both daytime and nighttime (ambient and disturbed) propagation conditions will be considered. The representative ionospheric parameters include the reflection height h₀, inverse scale height β, and reference height H.