Propagation of electromagnetic waves in two dimensionally periodic media

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in two dimensionally periodic structure is systematically investigated, to provide the basic theory for two dimensionally modulated dielectric waveguide. A canonical two dimensionally periodic medium of infinite extent, whose dielectic constant varies sinusoidally in two orthogonal directions, is first examined. The charact solutions are represented exactly by a double Fourier series which is known as the Floquet solution. The harmonic amplitudes of the Floquet solution are determined by a five-term recurrence relation in the vector form, properly taking into account the hybrid-mode nature of the propagation problem. The five-term recurrence relation is then treated by different approaches so that clear physical pictures and practical numerical methods can be obtained. The characteristic solutions for two dimensionally periodic medium are then applied to the boundary-value problem of multi-layer dielectric waveguides containing a finite layer of periodic medium. As an example, the guidance characteristics are then carried out. Besides the canonical medium as a model, more general two dimensionally periodic medium are also discussed.