Concentration and Isotopic and Elemental Composition of Organic Matter in Subsea Thawed and Permafrost Deposits of Buor-Khaya Bay

It is demonstrated that the quantum Hall effect can be used to monitor a laboratory unit of resistance. A 6453.2 ohm room temperature reference resistor was calibrated relative to two quantum Hall effect devices with a 0.017-ppm (1 sigma) uncertainty for each 1-h measurement period. This accuracy was achieved by correcting for a measurement system offset error and for the temperature dependences of each quantum Hall device. Hamon series-parallel resistor networks were then used to calibrate the 6453.2-ohm resistor in terms of the five one-ohm resistors which comprise the NBS ohm. The total 1 sigma accuracy for the transfer between the quantum Hall devices and the 1-ohm resistors was 0.047 ppm.