Design and characterisation of a very low current to frequency convertor
Abstract
A current to frequency convertor (CFC), fully integrated in aluminum gate p-channel enhancement/depletion MOS technology, is proposed. It is designed for measuring low level currents (10 to the -13th to 10 to the -18th A). A feedback loop is used to obtain good linearity (better than 5 percent). Experimentally, the CFC works in the range 5 x 10 to the -13th to 5 x 10 to the -8th A. Some nonlinearity problems are observed and explained in the paper.
- Publication:
-
IEE Proceedings
- Pub Date:
- October 1985
- Bibcode:
- 1985IPECS.132..184E
- Keywords:
-
- Frequency Converters;
- Integrated Circuits;
- Low Currents;
- Network Synthesis;
- Circuit Diagrams;
- Differential Amplifiers;
- Frequency Control;
- Metal Oxide Semiconductors;
- Nonlinearity;
- Resistors;
- Electronics and Electrical Engineering