Implications of the Galilean Satellites Ice Envelope Explosions - Part Three - the Origin of the Trojans and of Some Comets

Secondary explosions of the primary ice fragments ejected in the explosion of the electrolyzed massive ice envelopes of the Galilean satellites are capable of imparting velocities of up to ~5km s^-1 to the secondary fragments. As a result, the secondary fragments can enter the orbits of the irregular satellites (Agafonova and Drobyshevski, 1984b) and the Trojan libration orbits. In the latter case a perturbation velocity of δ V ≈ 0.3 2 km s^-1 is sufficient. The primary fragments ejected by the gravitational perturbations due to the Galilean satellites sunward from Jupiter's sphere of action move faster relative to the Sun than Jupiter does and therefore reach their first aphelion ahead of Jupiter in the neighborhood of L ₄. At the same time the fragments propelled from Jupiter's sphere of action beyond the planet's orbit approach it again in their perihelia behind Jupiter in the region of L ₅. The concentration of the fragments and, hence, the frequency of their collisions and explosions at L ₄ turn out to be much greater than those at L ₅. As a result, the number of the secondary fragments of diameter ⩾15 km captured into libration orbits ahead of Jupiter can be as high as many hundreds and should exceed by more than a factor 3.5 that captured behind Jupiter. Since the icy mix of the fragments contains hydrocarbons and particulate material (silicates and the like), after ice sublimation from the surface layers the Trojans should reveal type C and RD spectra typical for Jupiter's irregular satellites, comet nuclei and other distant ice bodies of similar origin. Among the Trojans there cannot be rocky or metallic objects which are known to exist in the main asteroid belt. It is shown that a velocity perturbation of 150 200 m s^-1 resulting from a purely mechanical impact of two bodies may be sufficient to move collision fragments from the orbits of the Trojans to horseshoe-shaped trajectories with a subsequent transfer to the cometary orbits of Jupiter's family.