Origin of meteor swarms of the Arietid and Geminid types

A physical mechanism is proposed and mathematically justified for the formation of meteor swarms on orbits of small size and very small perihelion distance, similar to the orbits of the Arietid and Geminid meteor swarms, which are rarely encountered among the larger bodies of the solar system. It is shown that comets can transfer to such orbits from orbits of large size during evaporation of their ice nuclei under the action of reactive drag. The main role in the orbit transfer is played not by the tangential component of the reactive impulse of the evaporating molecules (as is usually assumed), but by the radial component.