High power RF klystrons for linear accelerators

Design criteria and operating experience for two klystrons of differing power are described. A one-dimensional large signal code was used to design the tubes. Calculated operating parameters obtained from this code are presented. Based on standard klystron experience at SLAC high voltage breakdown, instabilities and RF window breakdown were expected to be problem areas. Current experience in these areas on the tube designs are summarized. In the case of the SLC klystron 50 MW at rated average power has been obtained at 315 kV with an efficiency of 45%. The fault rate has been found to be as low as one fault per 8 hour shift. The first 150 MW klystron had a conventional output cavity and produced 105 MW at the design beam voltage of 450 kV. At 475 kV a power of 122 MW with an efficiency of 43% were obtained. Design changes to obtain higher power and efficiency are incorporated in the second 150 MW tube and projections are made for future tubes.