Effects of vegetation canopy structure on microwave scattering

The role of canopy structure on microwave backscattering is studied. Structure refers to the size, orientation, and vertical placement of scatterers in the canopy. Models to predict the backscattering coefficient, SIGMAO, of vegetation with explicit biophysical and explicit polarization-dependent parameters were developed. Preparation for field measurements with radar scatterometers was completed. Technical progress included: (1) the modification of the Attema and Ulaby (1977) model and its multilayer variation by Hoekman et al. (1983) to include polarization explicitly (i.e., to allow for separate backscattering cross sections, SIGMA, and extinction cross sections, Q, for each polarization), (2) the investigation of the modified model to isolate canopy element orientation parameters by the rationing of SIGMAO measurements for different polarization combinations, (3) the development of expressions for bistatic scattering and canopy-substrate scattering to supplement the models, (4) the performance of sensitivity analyses on these models, (5) the modification of the Attema and Ulaby model to alloy for changes, (6) the use of the modified model with a seasonal corn data set from Kansas (Eger et al., 1983), and (7) the initiation of preparations for empirical measurements with radar spectrometer and the Mobile Radar Scatterometer in irrigated cropland to test the models.